La renovación metodológica que impulsa el EEES implica un nuevo enfoque didáctico, dándole mayor importancia al aprendizaje motivacional que a la enseñanza. En este contexto, las metas vitales del alumnado y su actitud ante el aprendizaje son determinantes clave en su motivación. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las orientaciones motivacionales y de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas de la Universidad de Jaén para proponer al profesorado actuaciones, procedimientos, tácticas, y recursos que (...) influyan favorablemente en la motivación del alumnado, impulsen la participación y asistencia a clase y contribuyan a un aprendizaje activo. (shrink)

Economists use the term ‘stylized fact’ in many contexts, though the meaning of this phrase and the motivation for using such a concept is unclear. In this paper, we provide a philosophical analysis of stylized facts, which aims to be methodologically interesting and useful. While our framework applies to all principled uses of stylized facts, we illustrate its core features by applying it to Nicholas Kaldor's initial and exemplary use of stylized facts in growth economics.

In this chapter, I argue that the insurrectionist ethics initially articulated by Leonard Harris, and further developed by other scholars such as Lee McBride III, Jacoby Carter, and Kristie Dotson, can fruitfully be deployed to understand how resistance movements and liberatory struggles have been framed in Mexico by some prominent intellectuals. To be more precise, I argue that one can read the historical work México a través de los siglos. El Virreinato from the nineteenth century Mexican historian and novelist Vicente (...) Riva Palacio as articulating a form of insurrectionist ethics adapted to the Mexican context to the extent that it exemplifies the core features that Harris identifies in insurrectionist ethics. (shrink)

In recent years, several studies have advocated the need to expand the concept of patient autonomy beyond the capacity to deliberate and make decisions regarding a specific medical intervention or treatment (decision-making or decisional autonomy). Arguing along the same lines, this paper proposes a multidimensional concept of patient autonomy (decisional, executive, functional, informative and narrative) and argues that determining the specific aspect of autonomy affected is the first step towards protecting or promoting (and respecting) patient autonomy. These different manifestations of (...) autonomy are not mutually dependent; there may be patients who have problems in one dimension, while at the same time being fully autonomous in others. Nevertheless, a close interaction has been observed between the various dimensions and indeed, a phenomenological analysis shows that damage to or a reduction in one aspect of people’s capacity for self-government generally affects other aspects of their autonomy, which in turn disrupts their identity and the way in which they see themselves and are seen by others. In this paper, I shall examine some of these interactions and show how they may lie at the heart of the problem of poor treatment adherence (where adherence is defined as being the extent to which a patient’s behavior over time coincides with the recommendations made by and agreed with their health professional). One example given is that of psoriasis, a chronic skin disease with a very poor adherence record. In Spain, it is calculated that 85% of patients diagnosed with mild to moderate psoriasis fail to comply properly with their treatment, and figures from other parts of the world are similar. Although there are many possible causes for non-adherence among psoriasis patients, assessing their decisional, executive and narrative capacities and taking appropriate action based on the results may help increase adherence rates. (shrink)

A vivência das crianças ciganas no mundo apresenta várias lacunas que vêm sendo estudadas por pesquisadores da área da sociologia, antropologia, psicologia e educação, com a intenção de compreender a forma como as escolas enfrentam o desafio de ensinar, com êxito, crianças de etnias diferentes. Discutir acerca da vida da criança cigana e o brincar no seu processo de escolarização frente aos olhos dos professores se constitui no nosso principal objetivo. A ênfase maior deste estudo está centrada na percepção dos (...) professores sobre a inserção das crianças ciganas no processo de escolarização na rede regular de ensino, assim como conhecer de que forma o lúdico está inserido no ambiente educacional e se vem contribuindo para diminuir o insucesso escolar de alunos/as de etnia cigana. As discussões feitas neste artigo contribuirão para o debate em busca de uma educação intercultural que valorize práticas lúdicas e partilhem a ideia de construir um futuro juntos e, consequentemente, com a construção de uma sociedade inclusiva e atuante. (shrink)

El objetivo del artículo es operacionalizar teóricamente la complementariedad significativa, de tres niveles de significación social (representaciones sociales, imaginarios y mitologías), a través de la construcción discursiva en la prensa alternativa digital chilena. A nivel metodológico, se aplica el análisis de contenido cualitativo, analizando dos notas de prensa pertenecientes a El Desconcierto y El Mostrador, haciendo alusión a la temática de la Marcha más Grande de Chile acaecida durante el Estallido Social de 2019. En términos de hallazgos y conclusiones se (...) evidencia a nivel teórico y operativo la estrecha dialéctica y complementariedad entre las tres nociones teóricas de significación mencionadas. (shrink)

Entre los siglos IX y XII son varias las manifestaciones artísticas que vinculan a Túnez con al-Andalus, Egipto y Sicilia. Se trata, más concretamente, de los cipos funerarios, de las mezquitas de nueve tramos y de los conjuntos de carácter áulico caracterizados por contar con un gran estanque. La documentación de estos modelos tipológicos, así como la aproximación a sus posibles orígenes y funciones llevan a plantear el papel de Ifrīqiya como foco creador o de concreción formal de los modelos, (...) actuando los focos restantes como receptores. (shrink)

Background The practice of health advocacy in nursing has been defined as a process aimed at promoting the independence and autonomy of users of health services, in addition to providing information on healthcare decision-making and offering support for decisions taken. Ethical considerations Ethics approval was not required to conduct this review. Aim This integrative review aims to synthesize evidence in the literature on health advocacy in professional nursing practice. Methods An integrative review methodology guided by Whittemore and Knalf was used. (...) Studies were identified by conducting searches on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and LILACS databases. Of 2179 records, 34 studies matched the inclusion criteria. Results The main aspects involved in the practice of health advocacy by professional nurses are related to the ethical principles of the nursing profession, such as protecting patients seeking autonomy and care. Furthermore, the practice of health advocacy by nurses requires an empathetic attitude, responsibility, and assertive communication. Conclusion The diverse possibilities for the practice of advocacy synthesized in this study allow nurses to approach and become familiarized with the topic, being able to acquire and complement knowledge that will reflect on their professional practice in different work environments such as the educational field, in hospital practice, or basic health care. (shrink)

Though it is held that some models in science have explanatory value, there is no conclusive agreement on what provides them with this value. One common view is that models have explanatory value vis-à-vis some target systems because they are developed using an abstraction process. Though I think this is correct, I believe it is not the whole picture. In this paper, I argue that, in addition to the well-known process of abstraction understood as an omission of features or information, (...) there is also a family of abstraction processes that involve aggregation of features or information and that these processes play an important role in endowing the models they are used to build with explanatory value. After offering a taxonomy of abstraction processes involving aggregation, I show by considering in detail several models drawn from different sciences that the abstraction processes involving aggregation that are used to build these models are responsible for their having explanatory value. (shrink)

Mixing methods is a well-known innovative meth- odologic proposal for research in the second half of the 20th century social sciences. Reading literature about it, I observed the aspect that justifies this paper: Authors of theoretical contributions on mixing methods recognized that this was known to be a practice already in use many centuries ago. Some of them even have re-examined the whole history of the scientific method to search precedents. They are however individual and theoretical precedents. I add in (...) this paper the practical projection of these and other methodological theories on people’s training from Greek classical times. My hypothesis is that liberal arts was the basic syllabus in Western -and westernized- educaion for more than a millennium in such a way that results of their training precisely involved to mixing methods. In return, to understand the liberal arts in the light of mixing methods shows new aspects of their historical interest. I study the theoretical basis of this syllabus from Cicero to Alcuin. More important for future research, I conclude that Alcuin’s thesis about the correspondence between the gifts of the Holy Spiritu and the seven liberal arts can be extended to the Aristotelian dianoethics habits and to Dilthey’s 20th-century sciences of mind. (shrink)

La literatura especializada ha solido reproducir la distinción scheleriana entre “actos” y “funciones” sin aventurar, por lo general, una justificación teórica satisfactoria de la misma; la cual tampoco es ofrecida con claridad por el fenomenólogo muniqués. En este artículo propongo una interpretación de dichos conceptos que ayude a clarificarlos y que haga comprensible su diferenciación. Se comprobará que la distinción entre acto y función es de importancia decisiva para la antropología filosófica y, en particular, para el contraste entre el “mundo” (...) (Welt) de la persona humana y el “entorno” (Umwelt) del animal. Como contribución al tratamiento de tales cuestiones, plenamente vigentes un siglo después de la muerte de Scheler, me permito introducir el concepto adicional de “mera función”. (shrink)

Though Indigenous women in Mexico have traditionally exhibited some of the highest levels of maternal mortality in the country—a fact that some authors have argued was an important reason to explain the EZLN uprising in 1994—there is some evidence that the rate of maternal mortality has fallen in Zapatista communities in the Chiapas Highlands in the last two decades, and that other health indicators have improved. In this article, we offer an account of the modest success that Zapatista communities have (...) achieved in improving their health levels. In particular, we argue that Zapatista women have implicitly used a form of feminist standpoint theory to diagnose the epistemic (and economic) injustice to which they have been traditionally subjected and to develop an epistemology of resistance that is manifested in actions such as becoming health promoters in their communities. We also argue that this epistemology of resistance is partially responsible for the improvement of health levels in their communities. Finally, on the basis of our discussion of the Zapatista case, we suggest that standpoint theory could play an important role in other healthcare settings involving oppressed minorities. (shrink)

The use in psychology of crowdsourcing platforms as a method of data collection has been increasing in popularity because of its relative ease and versatility. Our goal is to adapt the Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items to the English language by using data collected through a crowdsourcing platform. The G20 is a comprehensive instrument that takes in consideration the different basic processes of gratitude and assesses the construct’s cognitive, evaluative, emotional, and behavioral processes. We test the psychometric properties of the English version (...) of the G20 with a Prolific user sample. We assess the adequacy of the G20 for the crowdsourcing population in its English version. A description of the characteristics of the participants is conducted. Reliability analyses reveal an optimal internal consistency of the adapted scale. The results are discussed from a cross-cultural vision of gratitude. We conclude that the Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items, adapted to English with an American sample, is a psychometrically strong instrument to measure gratitude using crowdsourcing platforms for data collection and, therefore, a reference and useful tool in future research. (shrink)

Man is a dynamic being, a free system. Free systems are interactive systems. Every organization is a cooperative system. In organizations the relation between manager and inferiors is an open system: management and obedience are alternative activities. Lidership is a cooperative system.

El artículo pretende evidenciar la dimensión política –en un sentido amplio– de la confesión y la inquisición en su emergencia como procedimientos para sentenciar el pecado oculto. Lo hace al insertar ambos en las formas duales, pastorales y jurídicas, que desarrolla el gobierno eclesiástico plenomedieval para la condena de la inobediencia a la nueva ortodoxia y ortopraxis romana. A este respecto, los dispositivos confesional e inquisitorial se comprenden en relación con la emergencia de lo herético como impugnación obstinada al gobierno (...) romano –en la tensión entre el gobierno de sí y de los otros–. (shrink)

El presente artículo busca señalar que cantantes como Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer y Peter Tosh han ejercido una especie de educación tribal que le ha permitido a la comunidad rastafari informarse de las pautas de comportamiento social y moral que han llegado a considerarse como emblemáticas de su sistema de valores. Para lograr nuestro propósito se citarán y glosarán un conjunto de canciones de ese género musical que a lo largo de décadas ha pregonado la naturaleza divina de Haile Selassie, (...) la idea del regreso al África, la importancia histórica y política de Marcus Garvey, el carácter sacramental del consumo de la marihuana y el valor simbólico de los dreadlocks. (shrink)

El autor demuestra la validez de la inferencia de enunciados particulares a partir de enunciados universales a través de la conversión simple aristotélica y la conversión accidental de las proposiciones categóricas.

El rigor en pensar la vida psíquica le lleva a Leibniz a disociar la percepción de la con­ciencia, rompiendo con la tradición filosófica, carente de la idea de una vida psíquica incons­ciente. Nuestro conocimiento no se limita a la “apercepción” o percepción consciente, sino que alcanza una mayor profundidad. Desarrolla Leibniz una teoría puntillista de la sensa­ción, un hormigueo incesante de innumerables percepciones individuales imperceptibles componen toda percepción consciente.

Mi propósito en este trabajo es reconsiderar una de las lecturas más relevantes y provocativas que se han hecho sobre John Dewey en el mundo de habla hispana. En la primera parte reconstruyo las circunstancias que rodearon la difusión, interpretación y traducción de las obras de Dewey en el México de mediados de los años 1940, y en concreto las razones que llevaron a que la visión sociológica que José Medina Echavarría quiso dar de Dewey fuera finalmente desplazada por la (...) filosófica de José Gaos. En la segunda parte analizo la traducción y lectura que Gaos hizo de Experience and Nature de Dewey, teniendo muy presente sus comparaciones con Sein und Zeit de Heidegger . Finalmente, propongo algunas críticas a la visión que Gaos transmite de Dewey como un pensador carente de un tipo de "soberbia diabólica" propia de la verdadera gran filosofía. The purpose of this work is a reconsideration of one of the most relevant and provocative readings of John Dewey written in the Hispanic World. In the first part I reconstruct the circumstances which surrounded the publicity, interpretation and translation of John Dewey's works in the Mexico of the middle 1940's, particularly the reasons why the sociological reading of Dewey that José Medina Echavarría proposed was finally displaced by the metaphysic perspective of José Gaos. In the second part I reconsider Gaos' own translation and interpretation of Experience and Nature, taking in consideration his comparisons with Heidegger's Sein und Zeit . Finally I analyze critically Gaos' view of Dewey as a thinker whose philosophy lacked the "diabolical arrogance" that true great philosophy would seem to require. (shrink)

This paper aims to propose an invitation to look at the kind of childhood we have been constructing from the practices of Special Education, in articulation with the practices of Early Childhood Education. It problematizes the discursive webs formed in this articulation, considering the way that Special Education teachers working with Early Childhood in public schools regard childhood. Such discussions have derived from the uneasiness of thinking about how we have been producing childhood, given the policy of expanding mandatory attendance (...) to four-year-old children. The analytical exercise, inspired by the discourse analysis proposed by Michel Foucault, has enabled us to question the production of subjects, truths and realities in the “confessions” of the interviewed teachers, in which we have identified two ways of thinking about and producing childhood: captured childhood, which is produced through the operationalization of normalization practices by Special Education, determined by the will to knowledge and the will to power over childhood; and childhood as heterotopy, produced as a powerful movement of resistance and denaturalization of normalizing practices – childhood regarded from other places, as an infinite, multiple, non-nameable, ever undetermined becoming, as an invitation to thought: what can we do in the encounter with childhood? (shrink)

A fé absoluta na capacidade da tecnologia em promover melhorias sociais sofreu fortes críticas no último século. O escritor norte-americano Lewis Mumford denunciou este mito e seus prejuízos, estabelecendo-se como uma voz de reação contra os valores impostos pela sociedade industrial tecnocrática. Embora Mumford tenha destacado as denúncias sobre o poder desmedido da esfera tecnológica da vida moderna, e as razões históricas que nos legou essa cultura, suas teses sugerem um otimismo frente à possibilidade de controlarmos e reorientarmos seu desenvolvimento. (...) Neste artigo, trazemos a aposta de Mumford para uma possível reorientação radical de atitudes que transformariam esta civilização, sempre em vistas a um desenvolvimento civilizatório mais equilibrado e orientado à emancipação humana. (shrink)

Aunque la discusión sobre los principios jurídicos encuentra su punto de quiebre con las obras de Ronald Dworkin y Robert Alexy, la cuestión reconoce desarrollos anteriores y encuentra una de sus formulaciones más profundas en reacción al pensamiento jurídico positivista de entreguerras. En este trabajo destacamos los aportes del jurista socialdemócrata Hermann Heller a la teoría de las normas que, a diferencia de los que hizo a la teoría del Estado, permanecen en un lugar olvidado. Se reconstruye su concepción del (...) derecho con el fin de mostrar que sus ideas sobre la estructura del sistema jurídico y los fundamentos de los principios jurídicos dan cuenta de la relación entre derecho y poder en los Estados constitucionales modernos y del rol de los jueces en una democracia, al tiempo que resultan precursoras de las que desarrollaría con posterioridad Robert Alexy. (shrink)

The author asks whether there was a “scientific ‘68”, and focuses on aspects of two specific methodological proposals defined in the 1940s and 50s by the terms “action research” and “mixing methods”, applied particularly to social sciences. In the first, the climate surrounding the events of 1968 contributed to heightening the participative element to be found –by definition– in “action research”; that is: the importance of making the research subjects themselves participants in the design, execution and application of the study (...) of which they are the focus. This approach captured the democratic and anti-authoritarian spirit at the heart of the proposal, which was part of the prevailing climate in those days. The repercussions of 1968 on “mixing methods” focused on studying what had actually occurred, especially between the youth and workers, and therefore, particularly from the point of view of sociology and social psychology, using a “mixed methods” approach. The author explores the proposal of Norman Denzin; but traces the recent origins of both “mixing methods” and “action research” back to the proposals of mainly Kurt Lewin and the Chicago School. (shrink)

Research on individual differences in facing the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be crucial in order to design diverse and highly effective intervention strategies. This study uses a sample of 302 North American participants who were recruited through the crowdsourcing platform ProA; different profiles were established, profiling variables of interest in facing the COVID-19 outbreak. Socio-demographic and psychological (personality traits, gratitude, life purpose, and religiosity) variables were explored. These results are of interest if we want to deepen the study of individual (...) differences at both a theoretical and applied level. (shrink)

Studies have shown that a person can consciously believe that they value racial equality and desire not to perpetuate racial stigmas, but unwittingly exhibit racist attitudes and beliefs. In order to explain this discrepancy between conscious beliefs and behavior, scholars have turned their attention to unconscious racial prejudice. One approach that is gaining wide acceptance is the Implicit Bias Model, which appeals to distinct implicit and explicit cognitive processes, coupled with an account of the ways in which people unconsciously internalize (...) widespread stereotypes and stigmas. This article claims that although the Implicit Bias Model is in many respects useful, it leaves out a central aspect of unconscious racial prejudice: the underlying motivations and incentives for harboring racist attitudes and beliefs, which generate psychological resistances to knowing about or changing prejudices. A more complete account of unconscious racial prejudice can be developed by turning to theories of active ignorance, which contribute to what this article calls the Resistance Model. (shrink)

Summary This paper aims to bridge anthropological and cognitivist research undertaken by Gilbert Durand and Mark Johnson, who studied the phenomenon of meaning making in a similar way, although they had to use different terminology as their disciplines demanded. Durand established systematization for analyzing symbolism by taking into account the position of the body and the perceptions determining the underlying schemata of symbols. Two decades later, Mark Johnson described image schemata as gestalts having an internal structure derived from bodily perceptions. (...) Owing to these similarities, a comparison between Durand and Johnson’s theories is offered first. In the second place, I reviewed the cognitive value of the anthropological regimes of imaginaire described by Durand. During the analysis, the terminology used by these theorists (like ‘image schemata’ or ‘axiomatic schemata’) was comparatively analyzed to find common ground between their positions. In conclusion, the need for recovering theories of imagination proposed by heterodox scholars like Durand is highlighted, since they anticipate the role of images and imagination not only in language, as Johnson demonstrated, but also in the formation of anthropologically relevant symbols, which are of interest for the analysis of literature and other arts. (shrink)

La fundamentación metafísica que sirve de núcleo a la ética de la responsabilidad de Hans Jonas participa de unos determinados presupuestos acerca de la relación entre los aspectos objetivo y subjetivo de la ética, donde la objetividad se atribuye automáticamente a lo teórico y la relatividad subjetiva a lo valorativo. Con ayuda de la crítica que realizó Max Scheler de estos mismos presupuestos en el formalismo ético de Immanuel Kant, se trata de discutirlos y mostrar que suprimen el fundamento propio (...) de la moral, que reside en el conocimiento objetivo, pero al mismo tiempo afectivo, de cualidades materiales de valor en tanto que objetos intencionales del percibir afectivo. (shrink)

Cet article vise à discuter le rôle de l’altérité dans l’approche énactiviste. L’énactivisme considère la cognition comme un processus fondamentalement autonome, c’est-à-dire, qui n’est pas déterminé par des informations dites « externes » ni par des représentations issues de la manipulation symbolique. Une manière de comprendre l’autonomie met l’accent sur la fermeture du système cognitif, ce qui pourrait restreindre la notion d’altérité. Toutefois, nous aimerions proposer une lecture alternative de l’autonomie dans l’énactivisme, qui souligne son ouverture à l’imprévisible, et ainsi (...) rapprocher cette lecture de certaines compréhensions de l’altérité, notamment celle de Martin Buber. Par son refus de binarismes et son choix d’un chemin intermédiaire entre l’objectivisme et le subjectivisme, le dialogue phénoménologique de Buber et, plus spécialement, sa caractérisation de la relation Je-Tu nous semblent pertinentes à une conception énactiviste de l’altérité. (shrink)

The history of organizations and collectives is something alive. It is a network of memories, actions, collaborations, dreams, encounters, and disconnections that live within each of its members. The EcoDialogue Center is an academic space of the University of Veracruz for promoting dialogue between disciplines. In this article we are presenting the stories, both personal and collective, and the values and ideals that create our Center. We are using this opportunity to reflect on the cultural, geographical, emotional, intellectual, and societal (...) conditions that have allowed this innovative process within the rules and customs of a university. (shrink)